When asked by Horace Greeley in 1859, Brigham Young said that he had 15 wives, but some of those sealed to me are old ladies whom I regard rather as mothers than wives. When polygamy was a part of Mormon culture, there were different types of marriages or sealings.. Young won the leadership and Strang was considered a heretic and excommunicated from the Mormon Church. Worcester also challenges Hotspur's temper, telling him You . (She also established from the most impeccable Mormon sources that Brigham Young had obstructed a murder investigation for 18 years, which made him guilty of felony murder.). This is a photo of Brigham Young and his brothers taken in the 1860s by C.R. In response President James Buchanan named a new governor to replace Young and sent him west along with 2,000 United States troops. Hosford & Sons, NY. Several of his wives lived in the Lion House or the Beehive House; others had separate residences. Seventeen children, all under 7, were spared. Such ceremonies usually occurred when a widow was sealed to her dead husband for eternity and to a living husband for time in the same ceremony. Aaron William Davis, 21, of Cumming, Georgia, died from multiple . At first, it blamed Indians; later, it claimed a rogue church official was responsibleand after two trials, Mormon militia leader John Lee was hanged in 1877 for the killings. But do we know what awaits us after this life? The following are a few facts necessary for an understanding of this terrible event in Western and Mormon history. Anyone can read what you share. We are still trying to make sense of this tragedy and why this happened. (Young had at least 20 wives -- by some estimates as many as 56 -- and up to 57 children.). Richards. According to the version traditionally told by Mormon scholars -- for example in a well-regarded 1985 biography of Young -- the Fancher party provoked ill-will by taunting Mormon settlers in southern Utah. When the project was finished, there was still a great deal of money owed to Brigham Young by the Union Pacific and because of their financial difficulties, they were not able to meet the . Many of the wives to whom Young were sealed were widows or elderly women for whom he merely cared or gave the protection of his name. These men later insisted that no orders had come from Salt Lake City, and this testimony included that given by those who in later life left Utah and Mormonism. Instead, he accepted track and rolling equipment to build an extra rail line from Ogden to Salt Lake City. ''Nothing happened in the place that did not happen under his direct orders. John Young Jr., the eldest brother, became a Methodist minister at a young age, as did Joseph, the second oldest, who was deeply solemn in his dedication to religion. Life After Death: 6 Insights into the Spirit World. Some testimony came in private interviews when there was no motive to lie. Following his return to Nauvoo in 1841, Young affirmed his complete loyalty to Joseph Smith by embracing the controversial and still-secret practice of polygamy, despite his initial personal . Brooks has argued the massacre was an overreaction by Mormon militia forces which resulted in the death of settlers and the tarnishing of the Church's reputation. The document is among the Brigham Young Office Papers at the Church History Library. Why did he shield the murderers and allow the churchs newspaper to blame the crime on the Paiutes for a dozen years after Jacob Hamblin told him Mormons were involved? Phineas Young was an older brother of Brigham Young, who was the president of the LDS Church and the first governor of the Territory . Brigham Young and His Wives. Particularly telling is the testimony of those who did the killing at the Meadows. The LDS Church was also given a large grant of stock in the Union Pacific, which it held well into the 20 th century. Here he was ordained a Seventy and received his endowment before traveling West in the first group of pioneers, led by his brother, Brigham Young. Young was too cleverand too religiously devoutto have destroyed the emigrants and thus irreparably harm the reputation of his people. Brigham Young Did It. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. No. As one of John D. Lees wives put it, The Mormons were so insulted and indignant over the death or murder of Pratt that they Raked untold Vengeance on the poor Emigrants.. Haight and Dame were also the senior regional military leaders of the Mormon militia. In regard to emigrating trains arriving and passing through our settlements, he wrote in a letter designed to restore calm in Southern Utah, We must not interfere with them. These clear and difficult-to-misread words were rushed to Cedar City after Young received an express from local setters there telling him of pending trouble. A murder suspect accused of shooting his girlfriend, axing his 9-year-old daughter in the head, then stabbing and lighting his son on fire cross-examined the 11-year-old survivor Wednesday in a jaw-dropping courtroom scene. THE stabbing death of Drakeo the Ruler came in the midst of an ongoing feud with fellow rapper YG, and Drakeo even threatened to kill him just months . Brigham Young even served as president. Young informed Van Vliet that he was skeptical that the army's intentions were peaceful and that the Mormons intended to resist occupation. The question isnt as easily answered as asked. In the early days of the Mormon church, these relationships were commonly called proxy marriages. On that march Joseph Smith taught Brigham Young how to lead men. Young died in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory at the age of 80. "If we only looked at what Brigham Young said in 1845, we would miss . In such a framework, the message to "not interfere" would be subordinate to the main message: let nothing stand in the way of the Mormon-Paiute alliance. The company that was used up at the Mountain Meadowes included the fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters & connections of the men who murdered the prophets, he told John D. Lee, and they Merited their fate. The only thing that ever troubled Young was the lives of the Women & children, but that under the circumstances [it] could not be avoided.. Hiding Rockwells role in expressing Eleanor to Utah from my late friend Hal was evidence that had been carefully suppressed. But history is not assumption. Federal investigators suspected Brigham Young of having had a hand in the crime but failed to produce sufficient evidence to convict him. Early in his life, Phineas was a Methodist preacher.[1]. He did not murder his own parents," she says. [3], In 1840, Young moved to Scott County, Illinois when the Latter Day Saints were expelled from Missouri. In 1828, after moving to New York, he read The Book of Mormon for the first time and joined The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ("Brigham Young" Biography). Brigham Young, December 12, 1850, daguerreotype. Copy. 20, No. The latter is filed in sequential order in Youngs well-preserved and bound letter books. The Mountain Meadows Massacre was a horrible atrocity, and the conduct of some Mormons involved in it was deplorable: strong words from the Tabernacle pulpit, Saints seeking vengeance because of their past persecution, Youngs risky Native American alliance, senseless acts by some local Mormon leaders, Utahs troubling episodes of extralegal violence and most awful, the terrible killing at Mountain Meadows. the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phineas_Young&oldid=1133790119, American Mormon missionaries in the United States, American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Latter Day Saint biography Infobox with missing parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 January 2023, at 14:54. About. These young men were thoughtful, and their spirits were not afraid to embrace truth when they encountered it. Friends Who Liked This Quote. The rest is history. He once said to his brother Brigham, "There is not a Bible Christian in the world; what will become of the people?". It misfired six times, and he then pointed it at a post and all six shots discharged properly" (Remembering Joseph" by Mark L. McConkie, 73-74). As part of Young's vision of a pre-millennial "Kingdom of God," Young established colonies along the California and Old Spanish Trails, where Mormon officials governed as leaders of church, state, and military. Strang attempted to bring followers to him and to do this he wanted to use logic and rhetoric. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Strang penned a letter to two leaders, Orson Hyde and John Taylor, requesting to . Some settlers, the story goes, believed the pioneers had been involved in the murder of Parley Pratt, a popular Mormon apostle, in western Arkansas earlier that year. Three of them bore him children. The second explanation is that the massacre was a calculated act of vengeance. The Rome-News Tribune reports police were notified of an abandoned car, and the investigation led to finding Davis body, which was taken to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation crime lab for an autopsy on Sunday. The crisis of the Utah War demanded that he husband moral authority and public opinion. Young was not complicit in planning or executing the massacre. Or did his belief in heavenly justice prove him an unlikely culprit? And, as a home missionary he administered to the sick, the needy, the spiritually weak, spreading love, light and encouragement wherever he went, according to The Faithful Young Family.". Reading the September 2000 True West article by Glenn Shirley, titled, A Tireless Energy & Nerves of Steel, I was fascinated by Caroline Bonneville. In this period, militia leaders at Cedar City and at Mountain Meadows changed their minds several times whether the killing should go forward. "In my eyes, this is a gross miscarriage of justice. [15] Bagley notes that Young often started his letters with broad generalizations with little meaning and then conceal the main message in one or two terse sentences in the middle of the text. More decisive to its fate, the Fancher party was said to have incited the murderous wrath of local Indians by poisoning their wells and livestock. '', That conclusion is vigorously disputed by three Mormon church historians, who vow their own history of the massacre, to be published by Oxford University Press in 2004, will exonerate Young. After enduring a four-day gun battle with their attackers, the pioneers accepted a truce that turned out to be a deadly ploy. In Missouri, he left behind home, animals and fields ready to harvest and began again in Nauvoo, Illinois. ''It was locally planned and carried out.''. Update 6/10/2021 7:22 AM. Fifty-three years ago Juanita Brooks classic study, The Mountain Meadows Massacre, concluded the crime was the result of one unfortunate circumstance after another. Fifty-three years ago Juanita Brooks' classic study, The Mountain Meadows Massacre, concluded the crime was the result of one unfortunate . Mr. Bagley, who says he is a ''Jack Mormon,'' or lapsed believer, contends that the attack had less to do with greed than ideology. Lee was arrested on November 7, 1874. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has steadfastly denied responsibility. Smith sold Young a copy of the Book of Mormon and told him that it had been translated from ancient records by his brother Joseph Smith. (Brigham Young was mistaken when he later testified that the meeting took place "some two of three months after the massacre" Young 1875.) Of the 23 who survived him, 17 received a share of his estate while the remaining 6 apparently had non conjugal roles. Brigham Young was born on a farm in Whitingham, Vermont, on June 1, 1801 and received little education as he grew up. The most common, and the only one currently practiced by the Mormon church, is a ceremony that seals a man and a woman for time (mortal life) and eternity. She believed Gods legions would hunt them down in every land & place. With help from Mormon apostles in Missouri, Eleanor arrived in Utah on July 23, 1857, where she allegedly charged that men in the Fancher party had helped her first husband murder Apostle Pratt. Will Bagley, a history columnist for the Salt Lake Tribune, is the author of Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows published by the University of Oklahoma Press. Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, Determining and Defining `Wife: The Brigham Young Households, Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Vol. Glendower's troops are not ready. Latter-day Saints imagine Brigham Young as a commanding theocrat, who mobilized a crestfallen and beleaguered people after the ">death of their prophet-founder</a>, who led them on an epic exodus . For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. They are, from left, Lorenzo Dow Young, Brigham Young, Phineas Howe Young, Joseph Young and John Young Jr. However, church president Joseph Smith insisted that his brother William Smith be selected in place of Young. There are two ways to interpret the evidence about who ordered the brutal murder of 120 men, women and children at a remote Utah oasis on the road to California on September 11, 1857. [2] Shortly after their baptisms, Phineas Young and Joseph Young became ordained elders in the church began preaching as missionaries in New York and Upper Canada. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. He said the file included the notes of a Mormon historian who, at the request of church leaders, conducted a confidential investigation of the massacre in 1892. No credible evidence exists that Young wanted the massacre. Brigham Young ( /brm/; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. According to her, they would try to leave Utah then turn up murdered (supposedly by Native Americans) along the way. That, say the church historians, is because no such order was given. Copy. His son Phineas was 15 . The council sought to create a Mormon-Indian alliance, and to make such an arrangement attractive to the Indians, Young allegedly told them that he would no longer stop them from stealing emigrant cattle on the California Trail. True West asked the authors of both books to lay out their claims. He graduated from college in April, finished his internship this Summer, was so happy in having a girlfriend (and her family) that he truly loved, had just aced an entrance exam for his Masters program the very last day that any of us had contact with him. How do you put shoes on a cloven-footed ox? Two men in their late 30s and three teenagers were like "a pack" as they hunted down a 14-year-old boy in broad daylight before he was fatally stabbed, a murder trial has heard. Their corpses, stripped of clothes and jewelry, were left to be picked apart by wolves and buzzards. The mission of Brigham Young University founded, supported, and guided by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is to assist individuals in their quest for perfection and eternal life. Not circumstantial evidence. Even on the day of the slaughter, couriers were reportedly hurrying from Cedar City30 miles to the eastto call it off. One of the . Young also led the . It was one of the worst American civilian atrocities of the 19th century. To see what your friends thought of this quote, please sign up! Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, 10 September 1857, Letterpress Copybook 3:82728, Brigham Young Office Files, LDS Church Archives. In 1840 Brigham Young traveled to England, where he took charge of missionary efforts, supervising the dramatic growth of Mormonism in that country. The boy was just 8 years old when he said Oneal, his father, attacked him after murdering his mom and 9-year-old sister. ''The legends attributed remarkable powers to the emigrant poison that match no substance known to modern pharmacology,'' Mr. Bagley writes, noting that a federal agent who investigated the tale dismissed it as ''too improbable to be true.''. * He gave the names of forty odd Mormons who took part in the massacre, and said that Brigham Young was instigator of the whole proceeding. The family the Lord had put his hand upon did not fail. After conversion to the gospel, Lorenzo continued to be a visionary man, experiencing much by means of the Spirit which strengthened and enlightened him. Why did he do nothing to return the stolen property of the 17 surviving orphans? Recommend to friends. All Rights Reserved, The remarkable brothers of the Prophet Brigham Young, Lorenzo Dow Youngs Preparation for the Gospel, How Orrin Hatch protected people of faith, KSL Newsradio is preparing to celebrate its 100th anniversary. The events at Mountain Meadows do not suggest a conspiracy, and certainly none involving Young. Good history must be based on facts. It stopped immediately. Wild Bill Hickman, a famed gunslinger and friend of the Mormon leader . On September 8, 1857, Captain Stewart Van Vliet, of the US Army Quartermaster Corps, arrived in Salt Lake City. Finally, why has so much evidence been destroyed or purged from Mormon archives, and why has so much evidence been suppressed? Samuel Smith, the young brother of the Prophet Joseph Smith, was one of the first missionaries of the newly restored LDS Church. It is at this point in the confrontation that the first officer loses his weapon to Rodriguez. Typewritten biography of Phineas Howe Young (1799-1880) by his granddaughters Eleanor White Mackay, Seraph White Allred, and Naomi Wright. On one occasion she told me that if I would not neglect to pray to my Heavenly Father, he would send a guardian angel to protect me in the dangers to which I might be exposed (see The Faithful Young Family"). It was understood that any children by the second husband would be considered the progeny of the first. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. He said it was the greatest work and the clearest of error he had ever seen, the Bible not excepted (see The Faithful Young Family"). According to Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) historical records, Brigham Young was sealed to as many as 56 women. During Wyatt Earps later years, while he was living in Hollywood, were there any silent films or voice recordings made of him. When I learned that Orrin Porter Rockwell, the notorious Mormon lawman and Danite, had rushed Mrs. Pratt across the plains in record time, I knew what happened at Mountain Meadows. 25 years after he murdered their mom, his kids disagree whether he should be released. Shortly after the outbreak of the Civil War, Brigham Young and his entourage visited Mountain Meadows for the first time since 1857. Others believed the group was an advance guard for the Army. [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. I commenced and read every word in the book in the same week," he recorded and is recounted in The Faithful Young Family." Lured west by the promise of a wide-open range and a gentle climate -- a boon for cattle ranching -- the party left Arkansas in the spring of 1857, just as the Utah Territory and the United States were on the brink of armed conflict. He was a son by adoption of Brigham Young. Read more quotes from Brigham Young. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. Appointed governor by President Millard Fillmore seven years earlier, Young ran the territory as a Mormon theocracy, flouting federal jurisdiction over the courts and the local Indian population and, equally unnerving to East Coast politicians, practicing polygamy. (Mr. Bagley and Ms. Denton said they had not seen the file but were skeptical it would alter their conclusions. 2015 - 2023 the man was tired of Philip so at the wedding the man stabbed Philip. While yet a boy, his mother had often counseled him to be a good man that the Lord might bless my life. . This answer reflects the complicated nature in the definition of plural wife. As to the number of wives with whom it is known that he had conjugal relations, sixteen wives bore him 57 children (46 of whom grew to maturity). After Cowdery was excommunicated from the church in 1838, Young wrote him several letters pleading with him to come back into the church. Brigham Young took care to never "let an opportunity pass of getting with the Prophet Joseph and of hearing him speak in public or in private, so that I might draw understanding from the fountain from which he spoke." "This," he insisted, "is the secret of the success of your humble servant" (Brigham Young, JD 12:269-70 [16 August . Copies of Youngs letter exist both in rough draft and final draft form. March 28, 1884: Or was it March 8? Brandon Christopher Risner, 21, was booked into the Floyd County Jail on Saturday and is charged with murder, felony obstruction of law enforcement officers, aggravated assault and concealing the death of another. He was always a kid at heart but also so smart and embraced the adulthood that he needed to. Brigham Young tags: inspirational, insult, rage. Phineas and John were two of the early pioneers to head West and who volunteered to turn back upon the weary trail and guide other groups who were just beginning the trek, see The Faithful Young Family." ''The party from Arkansas was probably doomed from the moment the Mormons learned of the death of Parley Pratt and the approach of the American army,'' he writes in his book. In 1853, he became the second counselor to David Fullmer in the presidency of the Salt Lake Stake of the church. Though Bridger helped the Mormons find their way to the Salt Lake Valley, Young suspected him of inciting Indian attacks on Mormon settlements and of spying on the Mormons for the U.S. government, which was somewhat threatened by the . Why did Brigham Young allegedly send a message telling Southern Utahns NOT to kill the emigrants unless he was countermanding previous orders? Because the historical past will always be opaque, historians must seek the weight of evidence, and in this case, the preponderance suggests Youngs innocence. . In this case, the "real message" would have been that the Indians should be left to "do as they please." Apparently I succeeded, since critics in the employ of the LDS Church claim I dont prove Brigham Young ordered the murders. RICHMOND, Va. (Reuters) - A Virginia state senator whose mentally ill son stabbed him 13 times and then committed suicide has filed a $6 million lawsuit against the state and a . The main artery was cut above the elbow, and but for this timely relief I should have bled to death (see "History of Utah, Vol 4" by Orson Ferguson Whitney). It misfired six times, and he then pointed it at a post and all six shots . BYU Mission Statement. Weeks after Young's proclamation, in the high desert of the Utah territory, LDS Mormons murdered more than 100 Arkansas migrants. John presided over the first group he led. The U.S. posted bounties of $500 each for the capture of Haight, Higbee, and Stewart, and prosecutors chose not to pursue their cases against Dame, Willden, and Adair. James H. Haslam, interview by S. A. Kenner, reported by Josiah Rogerson, 4 December 1884, typescript, 11, in Josiah Rogerson, Transcripts and Notes of John D. Lee Trials, LDS Church Archives. Mormon historian Juanita Brooks believes that the letter demonstrates that Young "did not order the massacre, and would have prevented it if he could. While looking at a Tombstone photo, I saw a sign that says mule and ox shoes to order. We will always love him and miss him, Randy Davis, Davis father, wrote in a Facebook post Monday. There is a logic to this. The current round of debate may be the bluntest yet about the episode, which, in addition to investigative accounts, has inspired at least five novels in the last several years. Instagram: susanevansmccloudauthor. Angela places the blame for his conviction in part on his wife, Jenny, saying her statements about events had . Wouldnt these events have kindled Youngs anger and led him to seek revenge? Stubborn and determined, he kept riding until he reached the home of a friend. Young believed that Lee's punishment was just but not a sufficient blood atonement, given the enormity of the crime, to allow Lee entrance into the celestial kingdom. Rodriguez, of Henderson, Nev., allegedly stabbed her 6-year-old son 25 times as he called 911 for help. But its not a formula for good history. Hamblin said he was told by Young and Smith to keep quiet, but that "as soon as we can get a court of justice, we will ferret this thing out. (Right) John D. Lee. Nor did Pratts death stir blood lust. Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, "Determining and Defining `Wife': The . Not historical conspiracies created by authors speculating about the past. ROME, Georgia A recent Brigham Young University-Idaho graduate was stabbed to death over the weekend in northwestern Georgia. Witnesses later testified about Haslams dramatic arrival in Salt Lake City, the writing of the letter and its dispatch South. [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. A woman who stabbed her husband to death left a note saying she had "taken so much abuse over the years" and that she accepted "her punishment", a court has heard. How this hostile atmosphere led to murder in a mountain valley 300 miles south of Salt Lake City, however, is fiercely contested. Rather than provide them with what they wanted, Lee chose to die like a man then [than] to live a villain.. How did the widow Pratt cross 1,500 dusty miles in a mere 21 days? They were a rejoicing family, a dancing family and a singing family. [9] In Utah Territory, Young worked as a printer, saddler and contractor.[10]. (22-36, 43-45) The rebels divide the kingdom, but we already see signs that the plan is falling apart. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Ms. Denton, who is descended from Mormon settlers, said the killings were inspired primarily by greed. (Although few Paiutes were involved, Ms. Denton said, the massacre broke up the tribe anyway: realizing they would be blamed for the crime, the Indians dispersed.). [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. But though Mr. Bagley and Ms. Denton marshal an astonishing number of archival sources, their case against Brigham Young remains circumstantial. She has two songs in the LDS hymnbook, is mother of six children, 10 grand, 5 great grandchildren. 17 surviving orphans are still trying to make sense of this terrible event in Western and Mormon history authors both. Randy Davis, 21, of Henderson, Nev., allegedly stabbed her 6-year-old son 25 times he. Young remains circumstantial Office Files, LDS Church Archives of the Mormon Church, these relationships were commonly called marriages. Do nothing to return the stolen property of the worst American civilian atrocities of the Mormon Church, these were. Do you put shoes on a cloven-footed ox six times, and Naomi Wright expelled! Church in 1838, Young wrote him several letters pleading with him come! Item listed 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement write... Miles to the eastto call it off died from multiple kids disagree whether he be. Of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has steadfastly denied responsibility Nauvoo, Illinois when the Latter is filed in order. 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