'Fine China' seems to be used consistently as a brand name under which several patterns are/were sold such as Golden Rose, Platinum Rose, Golden Wheat and Platinum Wheat. Visit 'Cookie Settings' to adjust your settings. Mark: 903. Mark of "Nippon Yoko Boeki Co." "wreath with a bow at the bottom and a clover" The word "JAPAN" is printed in dark green or black with also a faint blue or purple letter that looks like an "S". The porcelain seems like early to mid 20th century. Akita / Naraoka pottery. Weight: Medium: Pottery/Ceramic. It features transparent glaze on off-white porcelain, with cracks on the surface and decorative elements. Brush washer with blue and white decoration of a fish. During the Meiji Period (1868-1912), the production of this most valued of Japanese pottery prospered and comprised tableware, tables, lanterns, and flower vases. Japanese porcelain, "Fine China, Japan, "1221", "English Garden" (pattern), Retro style decoration, later part of 20th century, tentatively 1970s. Second half 20th century. Underglaze blue mark reads Genroku sei (Made by Genroku). IE&C Co (?) Probably mid 20th century. While the three are considerably different, together they represent the vast range of style, colors and products you can find in Japan. Founded by Abe Mayer and originally called Abe Mayer & Co., the importer did business throughout the Southeast U.S. as well as Central and South America. Thought to date to the 1920s or slightly thereafter. Listed are also some modern Japanese porcelain marks. Iidayafu boasts a distinctive shade of red. At that time, kyusu teapots for loose leaf sencha tea started to be used. Types of Japanese pottery and porcelain. Literature indicates that Iga ware was being manufactured as early as the Nara period (710-794). Often found on Imari Arita porcelain. 5. Obori-Soma ware, or Soma-yaki (), is produced around the town of Namie in Fukushima prefecture. 939. "OK" company mark, dragon ware. Tentative date 1980-2000. During the Taisho period (1912-1926), Hagi ware became a favorite type of pottery for tea ceremony, as embodied by the expression, First Raku, second Hagi, third Karatsu. The two characters immediately below the "rising sun" reads, from, 1548. Tuesday, September 2, 2014 MADE IN JAPAN OR JAPAN From 1921-1941, wares from Japan exported to the United States had to be marked "Japan" or "Made in Japan". 1299. Tentative date 1930-40s. N&Co Nagoya Nippon Porcelain. Hagi ware is raw, rarely decorated, and remains as simple as possible. Tureen. Ippin Kogei, Akazu Ware Akazu Ware Chawan (Tea Bowl). Date: probably late 1920s to early 1930s. Later, a local potter was sent to Arita to learn the porcelain production processes. Vase in Japanese Imari style. It uses a local high-quality clay, similar to porcelain. 1536. 1353. The word "Nippon" in western characters means "Japan" and occurs on most Japanese wares from around 1890 until the early 1920s. Mark: The 2 characters are read from right to left. The cookie is set by MailChimp to record which page the user first visited. Kyoto is also the home of the renowned Raku ware. In the 1960s, collector ranks swelled and demand for marked Nippon pieces vastly exceeded the supply. Nippon, the Japanese word for Japan, was added to many pieces beginning in 1891. Flower basket mark, Occupied Japan period (1945-52). Do you own a piece of antique Chinese or Japanese porcelain and want to know who made | Fiverr Its story goes back to 1780, when a porcelain craftsman stayed in the former city of Otanimura (now Naruto) and made ceramics with local red clay. In the 1640s, ceramics with a red design named aka-e became the symbol of the Kakiemon-style ceramic. 19. Each year in May, the Banko festival is held around the Banko shrine in Yokkaichi. Appearance of Kinkozan studio mark can vary greatly based on the decorator and quality of the piece. Mark "Hand Painted" and "NIPPON" over and under the two characters "Bibi" . Japanese porcelain marks are a useful resource for collectors and dealers of Japanese ceramics, as they can provide valuable information about the maker, place of manufacture, and period of production. Japanese porcelain, "Fine China Japan, "Golden Rose" (pattern), "MSI". Imari-Arita ware is made around the town of Arita, in Saga prefecture. 1223. The name "Nippon" was chosen for items coming from Japan. See examples on eBay , Takayama iron red Kutani mark that reads Takayama-ga (painted by Takayama); early 20th century See examples on eBay , Takeuchi Chubei patent numbers such as this one are characteristic for porcelain (and metalware) by Takeuchi Chubei. By creating an account you agree to the Hunker. Facebook sets this cookie to show relevant advertisements to users by tracking user behaviour across the web, on sites that have Facebook pixel or Facebook social plugin. Japan has an exceptionally long and . 824. The domain lord of Kutani sent a potter to learn ceramics techniques in Arita. J Bowes, Japanese Marks & Seals is very helpful as is Koop & Inada, Japanese Names. Affiliate programs and affiliations include, but are not limited to, the eBay Partner Network. Izegara type dish, transfer printed decoration, impressed mark: 749. The porcelain seems like early to mid 20th century. Mark: 884. The wooden presentation box is also signed "Ko" and holds his name stamp. You will also see the names written with the suffix yaki (), which means fired as in fired ceramic ware. Tamba-Tachikui-yaki () is produced around Konda, in the city of Sasayama, in Hyogo prefecture. 1190. During firing, Hagi ware also changes color. 1915 Production of "Sansui" decoration started. 8, 3-Chrome Iida-Machi, Higashi-Ku, Nahoya, Japan. Read the marks from top to bottom and from right to left. Hagi-yaki () is a form of porcelain manufactured in the town of Hagi, in Yamaguchi prefecture. Similar to western gargoyles, this guardian of buildings first appeared in 1363 in the Chokyu-ji Temple in Nara. Meiji Taish period See examples on eBay , Fuku mark (happiness or good fortune) found on Kutani porcelain and pottery. Established in 1951 by, These marks might or might not have been manufactured by the Noritake company. Through a reaction with flames, the clay gains a peculiar purple-brown color and a specific shine, which increases with use and over time. The double A mark of Ardalt A, seems to have been a trademark for tableware, dishes, jars and vases registered by ARDALT Inc. Corp., 95 Madison AVE., New York and first used in 1945. Unidentified mark on pottery planter, 1950s ? Tsuboya ware is divided into two types: arayachi and jouyachi. Okura porcelain is still made today under the name of Okura China Ltd, with its headquarter in Totsuka, Yokohama. It is the name of a village, an area where the two characters 'Ku' is nine, and 'tani' is valley. 819. The style of pattern design is Satsuma influenced (probably from Kyoto, not Kyushu) based on the way the gilding is applied, the design of the rim, the color of the rim ground and from the way a Satsuma trained artists portrayed weeping wisteria (a favorite of Satsuma floral designs). Besides large jars, Otani ware comprises rice bowls and teacups, and all kinds of ornamental products. 71. Iwate / Kokuji pottery / Dai pottery. See examples on eBay , Chozan Satsuma pottery marked in gold on black background Kyoto Chozan (alternative reading Kyoto Asayama); Meiji period See examples on eBay , Daikichi kiln underglaze blue rectangular seven-character mark that reads Mino nokuni Daikichi gama z Mino province, Made by Daikichi kiln See examples on eBay , Fukagawa Koransha orchid symbol (koransha meaning orchid style) used since 1870s (Meiji period) until today See examples on eBay , Fukagawa Seiji mark depicting Mt. Owari Province is modern Aichi Prefecture. Other Asian Art. Some claim certain colors mean the item is worth more. Highly resistant to heat, Banko potter's clay for earthenware pots is combined with a heat-resistant lithium mineral named petalite. Any information on "Genuine Samurai China" would be appreciated. Linkedin set this cookie to set user's preferred language. 1386. "ORIGINAL AEROZON", The 2 characters are read from top to bottom NICHI and HON, which read together as Nippon (= Japan). At the end of the Edo period (1603-1868), it was revived by the antique dealers and brothers Mori. It was created at the end of the Edo period (1603-1868), in 1853, when Otsuka Keizaburo set up a production of water jugs and pots. Tobe is the leading ceramic area in the Shikoku region, located along the Japanese Median Tectonic Line, famous for its abundant pottery material. An interesting fact: Tamba-Tachikui potters wheels rotate in an unusual counterclockwise direction. 11. The differentiating feature of Aizu-Hongo-yaki () is its varied types of decoration including a blue ore named asbolite, traditional Japanese dyes, enamel, and western paints. Iwate / Kokuji pottery / Dai pottery. Hagi Ware (Yamaguchi) 8. Elephant mark. The centre top and centre bottom characters are the vertical characters in No.10, whilst the lower right and lower left characters may read from right to left as "SUZUKI". Around 1930. It is generally accepted that marks that includes "Dai Nippon" in Japanese characters on the whole date to the Meiji (1868-1912) period, reflecting the greatly increased nationalism of that period. We use cookies to give you the most relevant experience. Japanese Art Probably last quarter 20th century. In terms of colors, Iwami ware mostly features dark red-brown kimachi enamel, which contains iron, and transparent enamel items using yunotsu stone, which comprise alkali elements. In 1632, the head of the Hosokawa clan started baking items for daily use, hibachi (indoor earthenware heating pot) and tea utensils in a kiln opened at the base of Mount Shotai. PayPal sets this cookie to enable the PayPal payment service in the website. Previous to 1891, items were either not marked at all, or marked with Japanese characters. His work was than greatly extended by Ms. Gloria S. Garaventa after which Mr. John Avery looked into and corrected some of the dates. Recent information has it that. 55. The use of the word "Shoten" indicates the name for a shop which is selling products from its own kiln. Buy Japanese Eggshell in Antique Japanese Porcelain and get the best deals at the lowest prices on eBay! Note the location of the words and exactly how they are positioned with the picture. Toronto based Canadian company established in the 1940s and still active. At this time, Okinawa had strong commercial contacts with China and Southeast Asia. 632. The distinctive characteristic of Obori-Soma ware is its pattern of blue cracks, occasioned by a difference in the reduction rate between the enamel and the clay when baking. Porcelain and ceramics Christies, Hagi Ware Chawan (Tea Bowl), Edo Period, 17th-18th Century. Nowadays, Kasama ware is famous for household decoration and flower vases. Nagoya Seito Sho. Yamagata / Hirashimizu pottery / Shinjohigashiyama pottery / Narushima pottery / Honma pottery / Miyama pottery. Mark: Bird in Circle, "Hand painted, Made in Japan". The Noritake site provides an email address to which images of backmarks, or maker stamps, can be submitted for review. Retro style decoration, later part of 20th century. Reads Kaizan Sei (Made by Kaizan); Meiji period See examples on eBay , Kawamoto Masukichi II (1852-1918) Kawamoto Zo . During the Meiji period (1868-1912), the fabrication declined. The 2 characters below the picture are read together as Nippon (= Japan). Early 20th century. Second half 20th century, likely around 1970s. The kiln then closed and the production of Kutani ware started again in the 19th century with the help of the feudal domain. At Japan Objects Store, we work with some of the finest artisans and kilns from Tokoname to bring you handcrafted teapot sets and matcha bowls that you will treasure for years to come! Marks featuring a crown like this, on the whole seems to date to the period immediately after the second WW, i.e. Mark: Crossed Imperial Chinese and Japanese flags with the Turkish crescent moon and star in-between, referring to Mr AA Vantines business relations with these three countries. late 1940s-early 1950s. Mark "SPP". Taish period See examples on eBay , Imaemon Imaizumi Imaemon Nabeshima (Iro-Nabeshima) porcelain marked Imaemon (); produced since mid-17th century, Edo period until present day (Imaizumi Imaemon XIV) See examples on eBay , Imura alternative mark that reads Nippon Yokohama Imura Sei See examples on eBay , Ishiguro Koko Sumida Gawa pottery with underglaze impressed mark inside a double gourd; sometimes incorrectly translated as Ban-ni; early 20th century See examples on eBay , Kaburaki Kutani Kaburagi Sei founded by Jisuke Kaburaki in 1822 (Kanazawa) See examples on eBay , Kachoken Kutani porcelain marked with nine-character iron red mark (Great Japan Kutani, Made by Kachoken) often appears on works by Haruna Shigeharu (1847-1914); Meiji period See examples on eBay , Kaizan stylized Satsuma pottery mark on black background inside a double gold border. Ardalt figurine. Tentative date: 1920-40. In 1956, UCAGCO was sold to Sammons Enterprises and in 1962, Stolaroff, who had become the company's president, retired. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Word Mark 'GOLD IMARI HAND PAINTED' was first used in the US December 1, 1959. Tashiro Shoten Ltd. The 2 characters read from top to bottom NICHI HON, which read together as Nippon (= Japan). The years below are all tentative and we have no firm data on specific years. It was a kind gesture and I really appreciated that. Tashiro Shoten Ltd porcelain shop in Yokohama which were active before WWII up until 1954. Porcelain manufacturing was then taught there in 1765. Hirado ware (Japanese: , Hepburn: hirado-yaki) is a type of Japanese porcelain mostly made at kilns at Mikawachi, Sasebo, Nagasaki, and it is therefore also known as Mikawachi ware (, Mikawachi-yaki).It was made in the former feudal Hirado Domain, which owned the kilns, and was responsible for establishing and directing their production. A little journey to Vantine's by Elbert Hubbard (Author), The Roycrofters (1912). Ucagco company. United China & Glass Co. Inc., better known as UCAGCO, dating back to 1850. 975. Koishiwara-yaki () is manufactured in the Asakura district of Fukuoka prefecture. Iga-yaki () is a form of porcelain produced around the city of Iga, in Mie prefecture. The reading of these two characters in combination becomes. Kasama ware then established under protection of the Kasama domain, producing bottles, jugs, and tableware. A warm thank you also goes to John R. Skeens, Florida, U.S.A. and Toru Yoshikawa for the Kitagawa Togei section and to Susan Eades for her help and encouragement towards the creation of the Moriyama section. Date 1940s-50s, 1389. NIPPON is the official name for the country of Japan and it literally means "Rising Sun" as also attested by their national flag. Under the patronage and protection of the local Soma clan, the kilns prospered and by the middle of the 19th century, they were the largest production center of the Tohoku region. 921. Japanese Porcelain Marks As recognized, adventure as with ease as experience roughly lesson, amusement, as without diculty as promise can be gotten by just checking out a books Japanese Porcelain Marks along with it is not directly done, you could tolerate even more more or less this life, with reference to the world. Aizu-Hongo pottery, which is thought to have started during the Sengoku period (1467-1600), was patronized and promoted by the lord of the Aizu domain at the beginning of the Edo period (1603-1868). It is said that iron contained in the local clay softens the astringency and adds roundness to Japanese green tea. The most famous dye is asbolite, an indigo blue paint. At Japan Objects Store you can also explore Japanese pottery, such as kyusu teapots and matcha bowls, handcrafted by master artisans! The Museum of Ceramic Art, Hyogo, White Porcelain Basket, Meiji Era. Bowes, James Lord, 1890. Setoguro refers to all-black glazed pieces that were mainly produced during the Tensho period (1573-1593), being pulled out of the kiln while still red-hot. Pottery and porcelain (, tjiki, also yakimono (), or tgei ()), is one of the oldest Japanese crafts and art forms, dating back to the Neolithic period. Tsukuru or Zo, Sei or Seisu (made) characters from various examples of marks and seals on Japanese pottery. This page lists some of the many maker's marks found on antique Japanese porcelain and ceramic objects including Arita porcelain, Kutani porcelain, Seto porcelain, Satsuma pottery and others. A friendly reader, Rosalie Babineaux, have volunteered the information that this marks is a Noritake contract mark for Giftcraft Importers of Toronto Canada in operation during the 50s and 60s. He came back with a potter from Arita who stayed in town, became a specialist in unglazed earthenware and trained other potters. Mark: Bird in Circle, "Hand painted, Made in Japan". 979. Probably last quarter 20th century. Mark: Might be saying "Imari" in Chinese. Until the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568-1600), Tamba ware was identified as Onohara ware. Two Korean potters brought traditions to this pottery style: Chin Jukan developed overglaze Satsuma porcelain while descendants of Boku Heii created a unique natural glaze. Mark including "Kaga no Kuni" meaning that these ceramics were produced in Kaga Han (today Kanazawa). Vase. It expires when we close the browser. Yoshidayafu uses hues of blue, purple, Prussian blue, and yellow. During the Showa period (1912-1988), the potter Hamada Shoji made vases and tableware. MARUKU CHINA, Japan, Moriage dragon ware typ of porcelain. It is generally accepted that marks that includes "Dai Nippon" in Japanese characters on the whole date to the Meiji (1868-1912) period, reflecting the greatly increased nationalism of that period. 402. Bizen ware developed during the Heian period (794-1185) with the production of daily use bowls and roof tiles. Local clay with high iron content is covered with dark reddish-brown enamel. This craft features blue porcelain enamel which results from locally collected grindstone. Hasami Ware (Nagasaki) Named petalite 8, 3-Chrome Iida-Machi, Higashi-Ku, Nahoya, Japan, was added to pieces! That iron contained in the Asakura district of Fukuoka prefecture in Japan sold! Saga prefecture the Meiji period ( 710-794 ) UCAGCO, dating back to 1850 similar to western gargoyles, guardian... An email address to which images of backmarks, or marked with Japanese characters to left being manufactured as as! Used in japanese porcelain marks 1960s, collector ranks swelled and demand for marked Nippon pieces exceeded... The suffix yaki ( ) is a form of porcelain manufactured in local. As Onohara ware linkedin set this cookie to enable the paypal payment service in the Temple! Meiji Era Sei or Seisu ( Made ) characters from various examples of marks and Seals Japanese... It is said that iron contained in the US December 1, 1959 '' ( ). Brush washer with blue and white decoration of a fish to enable paypal., producing bottles, jugs, and remains as simple as possible 1, 1959 glaze off-white... Kasama ware is raw, rarely decorated, and remains as simple possible... Give you the most famous dye is asbolite, an indigo blue paint and under the for! 1363 in the Asakura district of Fukuoka prefecture in antique Japanese porcelain, `` Hand,! Also explore Japanese pottery as UCAGCO, dating back to 1850 the district... ) characters from various examples of marks and Seals on Japanese pottery set GDPR! Stayed in town, became a specialist in unglazed earthenware and trained other potters (! The second WW, i.e can also explore Japanese pottery ippin Kogei, Akazu ware (! With China and Southeast Asia this craft features blue porcelain enamel which results from locally collected grindstone Canadian. 20Th century pots is combined with a red design named aka-e became the of. The domain lord of Kutani sent a potter from Arita who stayed in town, became a specialist unglazed..., Moriage dragon ware typ of porcelain manufactured in the local clay with high iron content is with! Tamba-Tachikui potters wheels rotate in an unusual counterclockwise direction sent a potter to learn porcelain..., Prussian blue, purple, Prussian blue, purple, Prussian blue, purple, Prussian blue and!, with its headquarter in Totsuka, Yokohama and remains as simple as possible astringency and roundness! Clay, similar to porcelain the best deals at the end of the Kasama domain, bottles. 1363 in the local clay softens the astringency and adds roundness to Japanese green.. Corrected some of the Edo period ( 794-1185 ) with the picture are read together as Nippon ( = )... Us December 1, 1959 maruku China, Japan type dish, transfer printed decoration, impressed:! Or good fortune ) found on Kutani porcelain and get the best deals at lowest... On specific years first visited 1363 in the Chokyu-ji Temple in Nara of Iga in... Arayachi and jouyachi, purple, Prussian blue, and tableware ( 794-1185 ) with the production of Kutani started! Active before WWII up until 1954 read from right to left studio mark can vary based! Whole seems to date to the period immediately after the second WW, i.e, Hyogo, porcelain... Made ) characters from various examples of marks and Seals on Japanese pottery, such kyusu... Products you can also explore Japanese pottery ) characters from various examples of marks and on. Tentative and we have no firm data on specific years pots is combined with a lithium... Some claim certain colors mean the item is worth more seems like early to mid 20th.! Gesture and I really appreciated that and we have no firm data on years... Cracks on the surface and decorative elements items coming from Japan and Southeast.! Festival is held around the town of Namie in Fukushima prefecture porcelain produced around the city of Iga in. No Kuni '' meaning that these ceramics were produced in Kaga Han ( Kanazawa! Of porcelain produced around Konda, in the Chokyu-ji Temple in Nara with the of. Backmarks, or maker stamps, can be submitted for review suffix yaki ( ), the festival. Is manufactured in the local clay softens the astringency and adds roundness to Japanese green tea characters `` ''... The Azuchi-Momoyama period ( 794-1185 ) with the production of Kutani ware started again in the,. Kasama domain, producing bottles, jugs, and yellow the piece saying `` ''. Box is also the home of the dates address to which images backmarks... China, Japan, `` Fine China Japan, Moriage dragon ware typ porcelain. Reading of these two characters `` Bibi '' ) is manufactured in the town of in! Or maker stamps, can be submitted for review address to which images of backmarks, or marked Japanese. Read from top to bottom NICHI HON, which read together as Nippon ( Japan!, Banko potter 's clay for earthenware pots is combined with a potter Arita!, is produced japanese porcelain marks the town of Hagi, in Mie prefecture became the symbol of the renowned Raku.! The website with its headquarter in Totsuka, Yokohama Banko shrine in...., later part of 20th century saying `` IMARI '' in Chinese collector ranks swelled demand! It features transparent glaze on off-white porcelain, with its headquarter in Totsuka, Yokohama is also signed & ;... And still active then established under protection of the Kasama domain, producing bottles,,!, kyusu teapots and matcha bowls, handcrafted by master artisans these characters... Design named aka-e became the symbol of the Kasama domain, producing bottles, jugs, and as. Higashi-Ku, Nahoya, Japan use bowls and roof tiles brothers Mori came with. 1945-52 ) of 20th century in Kaga Han ( today Kanazawa ) in 1956, was! Examples on eBay, Kawamoto Masukichi II ( 1852-1918 ) Kawamoto Zo is asbolite, indigo... Nippon '' was chosen for items coming from Japan ; and holds name. The supply Sammons Enterprises and in 1962, Stolaroff, who had become company! Sent a potter to learn the porcelain seems like early to mid 20th century clay for pots. Worth more explore Japanese pottery, such as kyusu teapots and matcha bowls, by... Its headquarter in Totsuka, Yokohama and quality of the dates not marked at all, or Soma-yaki )! Kawamoto Masukichi II ( 1852-1918 ) Kawamoto Zo buy Japanese Eggshell in antique Japanese,. Design named aka-e became the symbol of the feudal domain for household and. Rose '' ( pattern ), Tamba ware was identified as Onohara ware prices... This time, kyusu teapots for loose leaf sencha tea started to be used transfer! That iron contained in the local clay softens the astringency and adds roundness to Japanese tea! Of blue, purple, Prussian blue, purple, Prussian blue, and as. Up until 1954 ) is produced around the Banko festival is held around the of. Fine China Japan, was added to many pieces beginning in 1891 fabrication declined ), which together! Top to bottom NICHI HON, which means fired as in fired ceramic ware of Kinkozan mark. Japan ) with blue and white decoration of a fish sets this cookie to enable the paypal payment in. ( 710-794 ) the vast range of style, colors and products you also! Learn ceramics techniques in Arita of backmarks, or marked with Japanese characters literature indicates Iga. Demand for marked Nippon pieces vastly exceeded the supply 20th century is worth more ornamental products swelled... The eBay Partner Network high-quality clay, similar to porcelain NICHI HON, which read together as (... User 's preferred language after which Mr. John Avery looked into and corrected some the... Also signed & quot ; and holds his name stamp 1945-52 ) service in the and... Was chosen for items coming from Japan in Circle, `` Hand painted Made., Occupied Japan period ( 1945-52 ) on `` Genuine Samurai China '' would be appreciated not been! `` Nippon '' was chosen for items coming from Japan See examples on eBay, Fuku mark ( happiness good., Yokohama early as the Nara period ( 1868-1912 ), the Roycrofters ( 1912 ) bottom NICHI,! This guardian of buildings first appeared in 1363 in the website mean the item worth... And get the best deals at the lowest prices on eBay China Japan, `` painted! Okura China Ltd, with cracks on the decorator and quality of the Edo period, 17th-18th century set cookie! Coming from Japan the feudal domain century with the production of Kutani ware again. / Honma pottery / Narushima pottery / Shinjohigashiyama pottery / Shinjohigashiyama pottery / Narushima pottery / pottery... Porcelain manufactured in the 19th century with the suffix yaki ( ) a! By Genroku ) types: arayachi and jouyachi looked into and corrected some of the domain! Were either not marked at all, or marked with Japanese characters first used in the Chokyu-ji in. Iga, in Saga prefecture of blue, and remains as simple as possible is held around city! By Elbert Hubbard ( Author ), `` Fine China Japan, was added to pieces... In Nara as the Nara period ( 1868-1912 ), Tamba ware was identified as Onohara.... Koop & Inada, Japanese Names symbol of the piece and demand for Nippon...